I have showed that some angles and four numbers (3, pi, 4 and 64) must be the essential parts of the final physics theory. Will anyone be surprised that two angles are, indeed, the essential parts of the Standard Model.
1. The Cabibbo angle (θc), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabibbo%E2%80%93Kobayashi%E2%80%93Maskawa_matrix --- it is a measured perimeter in the weak interaction. It’s measured value is (θc) = 13.04 degrees.
2. The Weinberg angle (θW ), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weinberg_angle --- It is the angle by which spontaneous symmetry breaking rotates the original W (0) and B (0) vector boson plane. The value of (θW ) varies as a function of the momentum transfer. The measured value ranges from 28.8 to 30°, the lower value corresponds to the lower momentum transfer energy.
The two angles θc and θW are two free perimeters in the Standard Model. That is, they are measured perimeters, not theoretical variables which are derived from some basic principles.
Can we derive these two angles (which are the facts of the universe) from this new theory? Yes, we must if the symmetry breaking of zeros is valid.
As the space-time sheet breaks out from the singularity of zero, it must encompass the entire “number” set which is a plane (real and imaginary numbers), not just a line. Thus, every “point” has four dimensions (+1, -1, +i, -i).
For every symmetry breaking in this number theory, it gives rise to three parts (two ends and the loop). Thus, every breaking has three parts (putting into three seats).
So, the “zero” breaking must be written as (x, y, z) and it has (4, 4, 4) = 64 dimensions.
According to the Linguistics Manifesto, the similarity transformation arises from a self-reflection, that is, an “inner production” in this case. Thus, these 64 dimensions become four groups. The
(x, y, z) (x, y, z) = {+/- 1, +/- 3}
Such as,
1. (1, 1, 1) x (1, 1, 1) = 1x1 + 1x1 + 1x1 = 3
2. (1, i, 1) x (1, i, 1) = 1x1 + i x i + 1x1 = 1
For +1, there are 24 dimensions. For +3, there are 8 dimensions. And, it is the same for the negative 1 and 3. That is, the wholeness (the zeros/infinities symmetry) is breaking into 4 groups (+8, +24, -8, -24). Is it a happy coincidence that there are 24 fundamental particles and 24 anti-particles.
a. Six quarks with three color charges, 6 x 3 = 18
b. Six leptons.
In Prequark Chromodynamics, there are 8 vacuum states in addition to the 24 particles. And, these 64 dimensions work perfectly on the known matter/antimatter universe.
Yet, this happy coincidence means nothing if we cannot reproduce the (θc) and (θW ) which are the facts of this known universe.
As the wholeness is the zeros/infinities symmetry, its symmetry breaking produces angles and a unit circle. Thus, the number pi is the concrete representation of this wholeness. The breaking process is simply to divide the wholeness evenly among those new born dimensions. That is, we need a “unit” (the cutting knife) for the division. This unit angle is calculated with the following equations.
a. (pi/64 + (pi/64)^ 2 + (pi/64)^3 + ...) = [ 1/(1 - pi/64)] - 1 = .051621342...
b. A(0), the unit angle, equals to 1.4788425146211 degrees [57.29577951 * .051621342/2].
Obviously, these equations use only the numbers (pi, 64), and this meets the criterion of this theory. However, the detailed reason for these equations is available at http://www.prequark.org/think02.htm
By having the cutting knife, we can begin to cut the wholeness (the zeros/infinities symmetry) the first time with the following equation.
A(1) = [360 - 24 * A(0)]/24 = 13.5211574853 degrees
This equation is obviously dividing the wholeness (360 degrees) evenly to the 24 matter particles. Furthermore, this equation uses only the concept of zeros/infinities symmetry breaking and only with the allowed numbers [360 (=2pi), 24 and A(0)]. In fact, this is the theoretical calculation for the Cabibbo angle with the measured value as (θc) = 13.04 degrees. If this is just a happy coincidence, more happiness is yet to come.
Again, according to the Linguistics Manifesto, all large complex systems are built up via a repeated self-reflection. That is, the wholeness should be divided the second time, which is done with the following equation.
A(2) = 2 * [360 - A(1) - A(0)]/24 = 28.75 degree
The logic of this equation is quite simple, and I will not repeat it here. It is available at the Prequark site. Most importantly, it meets the criterion of this theory, that is, it uses no logic or numbers of any kind other than those allowed. This is, in fact, the theoretical calculation for the Weinberg angle (θW ) = 28.8 degrees, at the low transfer energy situation.
Now, I have produced three angles [A(0), A(1) and A(2)] which are demanded by this new theory of zeros/infinities symmetry breaking. The fact that A(1) and A(2) are coincidentally equal to the Cabibbo and the Weinberg angles is just happy coincidences. We must produce more physics facts along this logic, and that will be the happiness yet to come.
Tienzen (Jeh-Tween) Gong
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